How to Repair Roof Shingles In 6 Easy Steps

While it’s always best to leave roof repairs up to the professionals, there are some things the handy homeowner can do on their own, such as roof shingles repair.

Repairing a few damaged roof shingles is considered an intermediate-level job, which means you’ll need to have some experience — at least with a hammer and a ladder. It’s an especially good skill to have under your belt in the event that a bad storm blows through town, and you need to take care of any storm damage issues.

Below we’ll cover the 6 simple steps to repairing asphalt roof shingles to get you started.

Why Acting Quickly on Missing Shingles Is Critical

Common Causes of Missing Shingles

Understanding why shingles go missing can help you prevent future occurrences. Here are some common causes:

• Weather Conditions: Strong winds, heavy rain, and hail can all dislodge shingles from your roof.
• Aging Roof: Over time, shingles can become brittle and more prone to breaking or falling off.
• Improper Installation: If your roof wasn’t installed correctly, it’s more likely to suffer from missing shingles.
• Pest Infestation: Animals like squirrels and birds can sometimes cause damage to shingles.
• Falling Debris: Tree branches or other objects can knock shingles loose during storms.

A missing shingle is not just a cosmetic problem. Each shingle is part of an overlapping system designed to shed water away from the roof deck and the structure below. When even one shingle is missing, the exposed area becomes a direct entry point for rain, and the underlayment beneath is not designed for prolonged direct exposure. In Falls Church and surrounding areas, where summer storms can be intense and sudden, a missing shingle discovered in the morning can translate into attic moisture damage by afternoon if rain follows.

The longer a missing shingle goes unaddressed, the more the surrounding problem expands. Adjacent shingles partially lifted by the same wind event may begin to curl or crack without the support of their neighbor, and the exposed roof deck can begin absorbing moisture in ways that create structural problems. Aged shingles lose adhesive strength over time, making them increasingly prone to blow-offs even in moderate wind. A roof typically lasts 20 to 25 years, and shingles approaching that age are worth inspecting twice a year to catch loose tabs before a storm removes them entirely.

• Water infiltration begins immediately: The underlayment beneath shingles is a secondary barrier, not a primary one. Replace missing shingles promptly to prevent water damage from reaching the deck, insulation, and interior.
• Adjacent shingles can be destabilized: The wind event that removed one shingle often partially lifted others. Inspect roofs from the ground after any storm to spot signs of damage without risking a fall, then follow up with a closer look if needed.
• Insurance documentation requires prompt action: Most homeowner insurance policies require prompt mitigation after storm damage. Improper repairs or delayed action can void manufacturer warranties or complicate insurance claims.
• A small repair prevents a large replacement: A single shingle costs a fraction of what a section repair or full re-roofing project costs. Catching the problem at one or two shingles is the most cost-effective moment to act.

The window between “minor repair” and “significant problem” closes faster than most homeowners

What You’ll Need to Repair Roof Shingles on Your Home

To get started, you’ll need to have the right tools and supplies handy. You likely have most of the tools on hand, which will save you time and money. However, it may take some doing to get your hands on the right new roof shingles that match your existing ones.

Here’s your shopping list:

• Hammer
• Flat pry bar
• Hook blade
• Ladder
• Safety gear — long pants and shirt, gloves, goggles, safety harness, etc.
• New roof shingles
• 1 ¼ inch roofing nails
• Roof sealant

It’s also a good idea to use the buddy system so you have someone there to help you out with the project and to make sure you stay safe if there’s an emergency situation. So, add friends to your list of supplies. 

Roof Shingles Repair in 6 Steps

1. Inspect the Damage

The first thing you’ll need to do is take a look at your shingle situation before climbing up onto your roof with a pry bar. This will allow you to determine the actual number of new shingles you’ll need to order and whether or not you’ll be able to tackle the job. 

Start by inspecting your attic for any signs of moisture, mold, or water stains, as these could indicate a leak. Additionally, check the interior ceilings and walls for damp spots or discoloration that may signal water infiltration. Using a flashlight can help you identify potential leak points where light may be coming through, allowing you to address any issues before they worsen.

You’ll know you’ll need new shingles if:

• There are missing shingles 
• Balding shingles (from granule loss)
• Cracked or fractured shingles
• Tree branches and other debris lying on the roof
• There’s a leak inside your home
• There are curling shingles or loose shingles that are hanging on by a thread

It’s best to use a pair of binoculars to get a closer look rather than climbing up on your roof and walking around, as foot traffic can cause even more damage. 

When you notice missing shingles on your roof, it’s important to secure any loose shingles temporarily if you have experience with roofing. Use roofing cement to adhere the shingles back in place, ensuring that the edges are properly sealed to prevent wind from lifting them further. It’s best to avoid using nails, as they can create additional holes that may lead to leaks. Taking these steps can help protect your roof until more permanent repairs can be made.

Additionally, if you do notice a leak, it’s best to call in the professionals to determine the source of the leak. The last thing you want is to spend time and money repairing an asphalt shingle roof just to have it torn off again for a major repair.

2. Order the Replacement Shingles

Once you’ve identified the condition of your shingles, how many you’ll be needing, and whether or not this is a job for you, you’ll want to gather their replacements.

Before ordering, check to see if you already have extra shingles lying around. More often than not, roofers will leave behind a few extra shingles after installing asphalt shingle roofs for this very reason. So, check your storage, garage, basement, etc. to see if you already have some. 

If not, check with your local home improvement stores and lumber centers for matching shingles. They typically cost between $15 and $35 per bundle. 

3. Set Up Safe Roof Access

Position your ladder on firm, level ground. Never access a roof without comprehensive fall protection systems, including a harness attached to a certified roof anchor. Work only on clear, dry days before replacing shingles, and never attempt roof repairs on a wet, frost-covered, or icy surface.

• Use high-traction footwear to prevent slipping while roofing
• Keep tools in a belt rather than carrying them while climbing
• Postpone the repair if conditions are unsafe

4. Remove the Damaged Shingles

Once you have everything you need you can get started. Taking the proper safety precautions, climb up to your roof. Working from your ladder (with your friend holding it steady) using your pry bar to remove the damaged shingles.

Gently slide a flat pry bar under the shingle courses immediately above the repair area to expose the nail heads below. Shingles break easily in freezing weather and can become brittle due to freeze-thaw cycles, so work with extra care in cold conditions and lift just enough to access the nails.

• Start by sliding the pry bar underneath each shingle
• Run it along the edges to gently break the glue seal that’s holding it down
• Once the seal is broken, carefully locate the nail underneath
• Use the pry bar to pull the nail up and out
• Carefully remove the damaged shingle
• Inspect the deck surface for soft spots, water staining, or exposed nails from prior repairs

If the shingle still won’t budge, you may have to remove the nail from the shingle that’s directly above it — but be careful not to damage any of the surrounding shingles. Otherwise, you’ll have to replace those too.

Repeat this process for each damaged shingle.

5. Install the New Shingle

Once you’ve removed the damaged shingles, you can start installing the new shingles. 

• Set each old, damaged shingle aside (or toss them to your friend if it’s safe enough to do so)
• Starting with one at a time, slide the new shingle into place (exactly where the old one was)
• Hammer in four roofing nails an inch inward from the edges to secure the new shingle 
• Four nails per shingle is standard for most asphalt shingles
• Higher wind zones may require six nails per manufacturer guidelines

You want to make sure the nails in your new shingles are covered by the above shingles as your asphalt shingles are typically installed in a layered fashion. This means you don’t want to hammer any nails into the bottom edge of your replacement shingles.

After installing the new shingle, take a step back and inspect the alignment with the surrounding shingles. Proper alignment is essential not only for aesthetic purposes but also for effective water runoff. Look for any gaps or overlaps that could compromise the roof’s protection. If necessary, adjust the new shingle or the surrounding ones to achieve a uniform appearance.

6. Nail in Your Surrounding Shingles

If you had to remove any nails from undamaged shingles to get the old shingles free, you’ll need to replace those nails before moving forward. 

Simply hammer new nails in their place, ensuring they’re secure and hidden from the elements. If you make a mistake and hammer a nail into an area where it’s exposed to the elements, you can remedy this by putting sealant over the exposed nail head for protection.

7. Apply a Fresh Coat of Roof Sealant

Once all of your new shingles are situated and properly nailed, you can go ahead and apply the roof sealant. 

• Apply a bead of the roof sealant along the glue strip at the base of each new shingle
• Use roofing-grade cement, not household caulk
• Firmly press the newly glued shingle onto the shingle just below it to create the necessary seal
• Be sure to apply sealant to any areas where an existing seal was broken as well (the old sealant won’t have the adhesive strength to reseal on its own)

What to Inspect After Completing the Repair

A successful shingle replacement holds through the next rain with no lifting, gaps, or interior water signs. After completing the repair, a few follow-up checks confirm it is holding as intended.

Check the Repair Area After Rain

After the first significant rainfall, go into the attic and look for moisture on the sheathing or insulation around the repaired area. From outside, check that no shingles have lifted or shifted from their position.

Monitor Adjacent Shingles Through the Season

Shingles stressed during the same wind event may continue deteriorating even if they looked intact immediately after. Check the surrounding area at the end of each season for curling, granule loss, or tabs beginning to separate.

Document the Repair for Insurance Purposes

Keep photographs of the before, during, and after condition along with material receipts. This documentation supports any insurance claim and establishes a repair record if the area needs attention again.

Preventing Future Shingle Loss

Prevention is always better than cure, and this holds true for roof maintenance as well. Regular maintenance can help protect your shingles, including:

Regular Inspections:

• Have your roof inspected at least twice a year by a professional. Regular inspections help identify potential problems early, saving you from costly repairs down the line.
• Check for any signs of damage or wear and tear. Look for cracked shingles, rusted flashing, or signs of leaks to address them before they escalate.

Clean Gutters:

• Keep your gutters clean to ensure proper water drainage. Clogged gutters can cause water to overflow, leading to potential damage to your roof and home’s foundation.
• Clogged gutters can lead to water buildup and damage to your roof. Regular cleaning prevents ice dams in winter and ensures rainwater is channeled away effectively.

Trim Overhanging Branches:

• Trim tree branches that hang over your roof to prevent them from falling and causing damage during storms. This proactive approach protects your roof from potential impact.
• This also reduces the risk of leaves and debris accumulating on your roof. Regular trimming keeps your roof clear, minimizing issues with mold and rot caused by trapped moisture.

Consider installing features like drip edges to help deflect water away from the edges of your roof. With these preventive measures, you can sign

Signs the Damage Is Beyond DIY

While replacing a few missing shingles is often manageable on your own, there are times when professional intervention is necessary. If you notice extensive damage, recurrent leaks, or if your roof is steep or multi-layered, it might be best to call in the experts. Professional roofers have the tools and experience to handle complex roofing issues safely and effectively. Knowing when to step back and get professional help can save you time and costly mistakes in the long run.

Evaluating the Cost of DIY Versus Professional Repair

Deciding between DIY repairs and hiring a professional often comes down to cost considerations. While DIY can save money upfront, it requires time, effort, and risk management. Conversely, while hiring professionals comes at a higher initial cost, it often provides long-term savings through quality workmanship and warranties. Weigh these factors carefully when deciding on the best approach for your situation. Here are the pros and cons of each approach:

DIY roof repair can be a cost-effective option for those on a budget, allowing for immediate action without the need to wait for a contractor. However, it also comes with risks, such as the potential for improper installation, which could lead to additional issues down the line. Moreover, safety concerns arise, particularly for individuals who may not have experience with roofing work.

Professional roof repair comes with several advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, professionals bring expertise and knowledge that ensure a thorough and accurate repair, utilizing high-quality materials and tools. However, one downside is that the upfront cost is typically higher than a do-it-yourself approach. Additionally, scheduling repairs may take longer depending on the contractor’s availability.

Leave the Roof Repairs to Us

The repair process for a few damaged or missing shingles is no big deal. However, when it comes to further damage, it’s always best to call in a roofing professional. The expert roofers at Roof Troopers are standing by for all of your minor roof repairs and major roof repairs. Get in touch with us today to schedule an inspection and get a free estimate!